The ECOWAS Court of Justice has held that the Republic of Togo violated Mr. Al-Hassan Dibassi Fadia’s right to a fair trial under Article 7(2) of the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights 1981.
Fadia, a former pilot with ASKY Airlines, claimed that Togo violated his human rights through disciplinary measures taken against him by ANAC-Togo, the national civil aviation authority of Togo, following accusations of falsifying flight records.
In a judgment delivered by Justice Edward Amoako Asante, President of the Court and judge rapporteur in the case, the Court ordered the Republic of Togo to pay 15 million CFA francs in general damages to Fadia.
The Court also ordered Togo to reverse and expunge the disciplinary measures from its official records.
In an application filed with the ECOWAS Court in 2023, Mr. Al-Hassan Fadia, a pilot formerly employed by ASKY Airlines, said that he passed the practical test for the Airline Transport Pilot License for Aeroplanes in France in 2019 and was duly issued a French ATPL(A) pilot license, which he converted to a Guinea-Bissau ATPL(A) license. ANAC-Togo, the civil aviation authority in Togo, validated his Guinea-Bissau license for use with ASKY Airlines.
After further training, the Applicant said that he was promoted to captain with ASKY Airlines in November 2020. However, shortly afterward, ANAC-Togo accused him and two other pilots of falsifying flight records to obtain their licenses.
Following proceedings before the Disciplinary Board of ANAC-Togo, Mr. Fadia’s license to fly as captain was withdrawn, and he was required to resume further tutelage as a “Pilot in Command under Supervision” (PICUS). ASKY Airlines subsequently terminated his employment.
In his application to the Court, Fadia argued that the disciplinary measures taken against him by the Togolese civil aviation authorities violated his right to equality and equal protection of the law, his right to a fair trial, and his right to work.
In its defence, the Republic of Togo stated that during the validation of a French ATPL(A) license for ASKY pilot Mr. Aurelien Rami, ANAC-Togo found irregularities in his flight records, prompting an investigation into the files of other ASKY Airline pilots. The investigation revealed that Captain Andriamora, Chief Pilot at ASKY, conspired with Mr. Rami and Mr. Fadia to fraudulently obtain their licenses by falsifying flight logbook entries. It is for these reasons that disciplinary measures were taken against the Applicant.
The Respondent, therefore, maintained that all actions taken were lawful and urged the Court to dismiss the application as unfounded.
In its judgment, the Court found that the offences for which Fadia was tried at the Disciplinary Board and the sanctions imposed were enacted under Ministerial Order No. 033/2021/MTRAF of 29 July 2021, after he had been accused of falsifying records in his flight logbook.
The Court, therefore, concluded that the disciplinary measures violated the protection against retroactive application of laws under Article 7(2) of the African Charter.
However, the Court concluded that the link between Fadia’s dismissal by ASKY Airlines and the alleged breach of his right to work by the Republic of Togo was not convincingly established. Nor was the Applicant able to show that he had been subjected to unjustifiably selective treatment in violation of his right to equality and equal protection of the law, given that he was subjected to the same disciplinary measures as his co-accused pilots.
The panel included Hon. Justice Gberi-Bè Ouattara and Hon. Justice Sengu Mohamed Koroma.
